伴随天气转暖，各种新鲜美味的果蔬将会成批上市。尽管大家在食用之前都会清洗果蔬，但有的果蔬的农药残留还是很难去除。你了解什么果蔬的农药残留量最多，什么最少吗？
The Environmental Working Group recently released its annual Shoppers Guide to Pesticides in Produce, which includes two lists: the Dirty Dozen and the Clean Fifteen, which rank which types of fruits and vegetables have the highest and lowest levels of pesticide residue, respectively.
美国环境工作组日前发布了年度农药残留农商品购物指南，其中包含两个清单：最脏的12种和干净的15种，分别列出了农药残留最多和最少的果蔬种类。
The EWGs Dirty Dozen is a list of nonorganic foods with the most pesticide residues. The EWG analyzes recent testing samples from the US Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program and the Food and Drug Administration . For realistic consumer data, the 美元A washes, scrubs and peels fruits and vegetables, just as people normally would, and then tests for pesticides.
环境工作组的最脏12种清单包括农药残留最多的非有机食品。环境工作组剖析了美国农业部农药数据项目和食品药品监督管理局最近测试的样品。为了得到真实的买家数据，农业部员工就像大家一般会做的那样对果蔬进行冲刷清洗并在有必要的状况下给果蔬削皮，然后才测试农药残留。
The EWG found that 99% of strawberry samples had detectable residues of at least one pesticide, earning the fruit the No. 1 spot. In addition, this year, the group found bell and hot peppers contained more pesticide residue than in the past, moving them up from 12th place to 7th place. The EWG also found that conventional spinach had on average 1.8 times as much pesticide residue by weight as other tested crops, and kale, collard and mustard greens had the most pesticides detected in total.
环境工作组发现，99%的草莓样品（近期一批样品测试时间是2015到2016年）至少可测试到一种农药残留，从而在农药残留上位列第一。除此之外，环境工作组今年发现，柿子椒和辣椒所含的农药残留比往年更多，从12位上升到了第7位。环境工作组还发现，传统农商品菠菜所含的平均农药残留水平是同意测试的其他同等重量农商品的1.8倍。羽衣甘蓝和芥菜测试出的农药残留总量是最高的。
以下是最脏12种果蔬完整清单：
1 Strawberries 草莓
2 Spinach 菠菜
3 Kale, collard mustard greens 羽衣甘蓝和芥菜
4 Nectarines 油桃
5 Apples 苹果
6 Grapes 葡萄
7 Bell hot peppers 柿子椒和辣椒
8 Cherries 樱桃
9 Peaches 桃子
10 Pears 梨
11 Celery 芹菜
12 Tomatoes 西红柿
Which fruits and vegetables have the lowest levels of pesticides?
那样哪种果蔬的农药残留最少呢？
Opposite the Dirty Dozen is EWGs Clean Fifteen a list of fruits and vegetables with the lowest amount of pesticide residue, with about 70% of samples having no detectable amounts. Notably, many of these foods have an outer layer that you typically remove before consuming.
和最脏12种相对的是环境工作组的干净15种清单，列出了农药残留最少的果蔬，其中约70%的样品测试不出农药残留。值得注意的是，其中有很多果蔬都有一层外皮，一般在食用之前会剥掉。
农药残留最少的15种干净果蔬：
1 Avocados 牛油果
2 Sweet corn 甜玉米
3 Pineapple 菠萝
4 onions 洋葱
5 Papaya 木瓜
6 Sweet peas 甜豌豆（冷冻）
7 Asparagus 芦笋
8 Honeydew melon 蜜瓜
9 Kiwi 猕猴桃
10 Cabbage 卷心菜
11 Mushrooms 蘑菇
12 Cantaloupe 哈密瓜
13 Mangoes 芒果
14 Watermelon 西瓜
15 Sweet potatoes 红薯
Shauna Henley, PhD, family and consumer sciences senior agent at the University of Maryland Extension, tells Yahoo Life that the best way to wash produce depends on its surface. Use a produce brush on rough surfaces like melons; rub smooth surfaces like apples with your hands; and try a colander or salad spinner for leafy greens, making sure to throw away the outer leaves first. Or try a baking soda solution: A 2017 study found that soaking apples in a mixture of baking soda and water for 12 to 15 minutes removed pesticide residue.
马里兰大学继续教育学院家庭与买家科学高级专员肖娜亨利博士告诉雅虎网生活频道说，清洗农商品的最好方法就是把表面洗干净。像西瓜这种表皮粗糙的果蔬，你可以用农商品专用刷子来刷洗；苹果等外表光滑的果蔬可以用手搓洗；绿叶蔬菜可以试着用过滤盆或脱水器来清洗，洗之前必须要先把外层的叶子扔掉。你也可以试一试小苏打溶液：2017年的一项研究发现，将苹果在加了小苏打的水中浸泡12到15分钟可以去除农药残留。
